| ALS | Microorganisms | |
| LD | cpLN | |
| Genes localizationand transcription type | Chromosomic genes, constitutively expressed, enhanced under acidic conditions (pH 5) and partially induced by the presence of citrate [1] [24] [25] [30] . | Chromosomic genes, low constitutive transcriptionpartially induced by citrate addition, enhanced under aerobic conditions and sugar-limited source [8] [28] [42] . |
| Activating factors/optimal activity parameters | Oxygen [43] [44] Optimum pH: 5.5 - 6 and 60% of the maximum activity at pH 6.5 [35] [45] . | Optimum pH for Ln lactis: between 5 and 6 [28] [42] [45] , Optimum pH for Ln mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and Ln mesenteroides subsp. cremoris: 5.1 - 5.3 and 20% of the maximal activity at pH 6.5 [42] [46] . |
| Inhibitory factors | - | ALS of Ln lactis and Ln mesenteroirdes subsp. cremoris is inhibited by several intermediates of glucose metabolism [42] [46] . |
| Enzymes characteristicsa | Enzyme requires to be functional: divalent cations and TPP [3] Specific activity: 103 U/mgKm for pyruvate: 50 mMKm for TPP: 3.2 µM [35] Specific activity: ranged from 0.1 to 0.38 U/mg for 4 strains of LD with 80 mM of pyruvateKm for pyruvate: 30 mM [45] . | Enzyme requires to be functional: divalent cations and TPP [3] Km for pyruvate for Ln mesenteroirdes subsp. cremoris: 10 mM [42] For Ln lactis, Ln mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and Ln mesenteroides subsp. cremoris: Specific activity: ranged from 0.018 and 0.219 U/mg with 80 mM of pyruvateKm for pyruvate: 10 mM [45] . |